Study AP Computer Science Principles with flashcards covering the 5 Big Ideas, key computing concepts, and terminology for the end-of-course exam.
Must-Know AP CSP Terms by Big Idea
- Binary and Data Representation: All data is stored in binary (0s and 1s). Bit = one binary digit. Byte = 8 bits. Lossless compression preserves all data. Lossy compression reduces file size by discarding some data (MP3, JPEG).
- Abstraction: The process of reducing complexity by focusing on essential details and hiding irrelevant specifics. Procedural abstraction: creating functions. Data abstraction: using variables and lists. The Internet uses layers of abstraction (HTTP → TCP → IP → physical).
- Algorithm: A finite set of instructions that solves a problem or accomplishes a task. Must be unambiguous and terminate. Linear search: O(n). Binary search: O(log n). Sorting: O(n log n) best for comparison-based.
- Heuristic: A problem-solving approach that finds a "good enough" solution when an optimal solution is computationally infeasible. Used for NP-complete problems like the traveling salesman problem.
- Phishing: Attempt to acquire sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity. Defense: multi-factor authentication, skepticism of unsolicited requests, checking URLs.
- Net Neutrality: Principle that Internet Service Providers must treat all Internet traffic equally, without discriminating or charging differently based on user, website, or content type.
- Creative Commons: Licensing system allowing creators to share work while specifying how it can be used. More flexible than copyright — allows for derivative works, commercial use, etc. depending on license.
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