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AP Human Geography Flashcards — Models, Terms, and Geographic Concepts

Free AP Human Geography flashcards covering geographic models, migration terms, urban patterns, and key vocabulary for the AP Human Geo exam.

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Study AP Human Geography with flashcards covering the models, concepts, and vocabulary tested across all 7 units.

Must-Know AP Human Geography Terms and Models

  • Demographic Transition Model (DTM): 4-stage model of population change. Stage 1: high birth/death rates. Stage 2: death rate falls (population grows). Stage 3: birth rate falls. Stage 4: low birth/death rates (stable/declining population).
  • von Thünen Model: Agricultural land use model showing concentric rings around a central market based on transportation costs and land rent. Dairy/market gardening closest to market; ranching/grain farming further out.
  • Bid-Rent Theory: Land value decreases with distance from CBD. Different land users (retail, office, residential) bid highest at different distances from the center.
  • Ravenstein's Laws of Migration: Most migrants travel short distances; step migration is common; urban areas attract more migrants; most migrants are adults; economic motives dominate.
  • Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces: Centripetal forces hold a state together (shared culture, strong government). Centrifugal forces pull a state apart (regional differences, ethnic conflict).
  • Primate City: A city that is disproportionately large compared to the next largest city in the country (often >2× the population). Common in developing countries.
  • Commodity Chain: Series of links connecting producers of raw materials to manufacturers to retailers to consumers. Shows geographic distribution of production.

AP Human Geography Practice Questions · AP Human Geo Study Guide · How to Get a 5 on AP Human Geo

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