Free AP Statistics flashcards covering inference procedures, conditions, distributions, and key terms. Study for the AP Stats MCQ and FRQ sections.

Study AP Statistics with flashcards covering inference procedures, sampling distributions, probability, and the conditions required for each test.

Must-Know AP Statistics Terms and Procedures

P-value: The probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme as (or more extreme than) the observed value, assuming H₀ is true. A small p-value is evidence against H₀.
Type I Error: Rejecting H₀ when H₀ is true (false positive). Probability = α (significance level). You control this by choosing α before the test.
Type II Error: Failing to reject H₀ when H₀ is false (false negative). Probability = β. Power = 1 − β.
Conditions for t-test: Random (data from random sample or random assignment), Normal/Large Sample (n ≥ 30 or roughly normal distribution), Independent (sample is ≤ 10% of population).
Confidence Interval: Estimate ± critical value × standard error. "We are C% confident that the true parameter lies in this interval" — NOT "there is a C% probability the parameter is in this interval."
Central Limit Theorem: For large enough samples (n ≥ 30), the sampling distribution of x̄ is approximately normal regardless of population distribution. Mean of sampling distribution = μ, SD = σ/√n.
R² (Coefficient of Determination): The proportion of variation in y explained by the linear regression model. R² = (correlation r)². Does NOT imply causation.

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AP Statistics Flashcards — Inference Procedures, Conditions, and Key Terms