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How to Write a Synthesis Essay — AP Lang Guide

Learn how to write an AP Lang synthesis essay step by step. Master the 6-point rubric — thesis, evidence, commentary, and source integration — with tips and practice.

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The synthesis essay is one of three free-response questions on the AP English Language exam. You must read 6-7 sources and write an argument that synthesizes at least 3 of them.

Synthesis Essay Rubric (6 Points)

  • Thesis (1 pt) — Defensible claim that responds to the prompt
  • Evidence & Commentary (4 pts) — Use at least 3 sources with analysis
  • Sophistication (1 pt) — Nuanced argument with effective rhetoric

Key Tips

  • Read all sources before writing — look for patterns and contradictions
  • Cite sources by letter (Source A, Source B) — no need for formal citations
  • Explain HOW each source supports your argument, not just WHAT it says
  • Include a counterargument for the sophistication point

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