Inside This Unit: The Full Breakdown
Unit 1 establishes the visual vocabulary of 2-D work: the elements of art (line, shape, value, color, texture, space) and the principles of design (balance, contrast, emphasis, movement/rhythm, proportion, unity/variety).
Why it matters
AP 2-D Art and Design is scored by a PORTFOLIO, not a written exam — but every strong portfolio rests on deliberate use of these elements and principles.
Key concepts
- Elements = the building blocks (line, shape, value, color, texture, space).
- Principles = how the elements are arranged (balance, emphasis, rhythm, unity).
- Shape is flat (2-D); form implies 3-D volume.
Elements & Principles of 2-D Design
Learn to name and use each element and principle, distinguish positive from negative space, and create a focal point through emphasis. These are the tools you will reflect on in your written evidence and artist statements.
AP exam tip
Practice describing your own work in element/principle terms — examiners reward intentional, articulate design choices.
Connections to other units
- Unit 2: Materials and processes realize these design ideas.
- Unit 4: You articulate these choices in Selected Works.
