Inside This Unit: The Full Breakdown
Fundamentals III covers intervals (size + quality), the four triad qualities and inversions via figured bass, and seventh chords.
Why it matters
Spelling chords and identifying inversions is core to analysis and part-writing.
Key concepts
- Intervals combine size (2nd, 3rd…) and quality (M, m, P, A, d).
- Triads: major, minor, diminished, augmented.
- Figured bass (6, 6/4) shows inversion.
Intervals and Chords
Determine interval size by counting letter names and quality by half steps. Build the four triad types, identify inversion from the bass note (root position 5/3, first 6/3, second 6/4), and recognize seventh chords like the dominant 7th (major triad + minor 7th).
AP exam tip
Practice spelling triads and 7th chords in all inversions until figured-bass symbols are automatic.
Connections to other units
- Unit 4: Chords gain Roman numerals and function.
- Unit 5: Inversions matter for voice leading.
