Inside This Unit: The Full Breakdown
Harmony I covers Roman-numeral analysis, harmonic function (tonic/predominant/dominant), cadences, and phrase structure.
Why it matters
Function and cadence identification anchors all harmonic analysis on the exam.
Key concepts
- Roman numerals label chords by scale degree and quality.
- Function: tonic (rest), predominant (ii, IV), dominant (V, vii°).
- Cadences: PAC, IAC, HC, plagal, deceptive.
Function and Cadence
Assign Roman numerals within a key, group chords by function (T–PD–D–T), and classify cadences: V–I (authentic, PAC when both root position with tonic on top), ending on V (half), IV–I (plagal), V–vi (deceptive).
AP exam tip
For cadence questions, check both the chords AND the soprano/bass positions to distinguish PAC from IAC.
Connections to other units
- Unit 3: Roman numerals build on chord spelling.
- Unit 5: Function drives progressions.
